Index to Physics Notebooks
skip ahead to:
Book B - Waves Book E - Optics
Book C - Heat and Matter Book F - Modern Physics
Book D - Electricity and Magnetism Book G - Astronomy and Perception
Applets

Back to Physics Demonstrations' Home Page

Book A: Mechanics

Acceleration

A+0+0 "Coin and Feather" fall in an evacuated rotatable tube.

A+0+5 Timed free fall: Ball drops 2 meters through electronic timing gate.

A+0+10 Atwood machine: Unbalanced weights on a pulley accelerate slowly.

A+0+15 A falling weight accelerates a car horizontally.

A+0+20 Acceleration of a steel ball down an inclined plane with metronome.

A+0+22 Inclined airtrack with gliders and timing gates.

A+0+23 Inclined airtrack: Cart and ball accelerate in unison.

A+0+25 Cork float accelerometer: Cork and water in sealed flask.

A+0+30 A chain dropped onto a spring scale.

A+0+35 A ball swung on a string held by a sleeve.

A+0+40 Conical pendulum: Similar to A+0+35 with standard weights.

A+0+45 Loop the loop: Sphere, hoop, disk rolled down a looped track.

A+0+47 Swing water in a bucket.

A+0+50 Candles rotating about an axis.

A+0+55 Mercury and colored water in a rotating glass vessel.

A+0+56 Flattening of the earth: Rotating brass hoops.

A+0+57 Rotating loop of chain rolls across bench.

A+0+58 Mechanical governor device.

A+0+59 Chain lariat with hand drill or electric rotator.

A+0+60 Film: "Zero G", sound, 14 min.

A+0+65 Film: "Conservation laws in zero G", sound, 14 min.

A+0+70 Film loop: "Inertial forces: Centripetal acceleration", 3:15 min.

A+0+75 Film loop: "Inertial forces:Translational acceleration", 2:05 min.

A+0+80 Java Applet: The Ramp

Conservation of Energy

A+5+0 Ball on string mounts on blackboard and pivots on lower rod.

A+5+15 Brachistochrone: Three balls falling along different trajectories.

A+5+20 Bowling ball pendulum swings back to nose.

A+5+25 Film loop: "Conservation of energy: Pole vault", 3:55 min.

Frames of Reference

A+10+0 Film: "Frames of reference", sound, 28 min.

A+10+40 Film loop: "Galilean relativity I", ball dropped from mast of ship,2:55min.

A+10+45 Film loop:"Galilean relativity II", object dropped from aircraft, 3:40 min.

A+10+50 Film loop: "Galilean relativity III", projectile fired vertically, 3:00 min.

A+10+55 Film loop: "A matter of relative motion", 3:40 min.

Friction

A+12+0 Blocks, with various surfaces slide on an inclined plane.

A+12+1 Film: "A million to one", flea and dry ice puck, sound, 5 min.

A+12+5 Weighted wood block dragged horizontally by spring scale.

A+12+10 Plank oscillates on oppositely rotating bicycle wheels.

Forces

A+14+0 Weight on a vertical spring with markers on stand.

A+14+1 Block pulled horizontally by a spring.

A+14+5 Force table: Forces on a car on a horizontal table.

A+14+10 Force table: Forces on a car on an adjustable inclined plane.

A+14+15 Precision lever: Balance beam on stand plus weight set.

A+14+16 A meterstick lever on a free-standing fulcrum with weights.

A+14+17 Standard pan balance with assorted weights.

Gravitation

A+15+0 The Cavendish experiment: Model and actual apparatus to show.

A+15+1 Film loop: "The Cavendish experiment", 4:25 min.

A+15+10Java Applet Orbiting Bodies

A+15+30 Film: "The law of gravitation "(Feynman), sound, 56 min.

Applet:

Kepler's Second Law is illustrated by applying it to the individual planets and Halley's comet. http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/keplerlaw2.htm

Linear Inertia

A+20+0 Card snapped from under a weight by a leaf spring.

A+20+5 Tablecloth yanked out from under dishes.

A+20+10 Breaking thread above and below weight.

A+20+15 Medicine ball to throw.

A+20+20 Sledge hammer hits large mass resting on person.

Rotational Inertia

A+25+0 Two disks, one weighted in center and other on rim, roll down ramp.

A+25+5 Moment of inertia: Hoop or disk rotated by falling weight.

A+25+10 Loop the loop: Sphere, hoop, disk rolled down a looped track.

Angular Momentum

A+30+0 Minor's apparatus: Movable discs rotated by falling weight.

A+30+5 Maxwell's wheel: Flywheel with axle, supported on strings or stand.

A+30+10 Rotational inertia device: Sliding weights on rotating rod.

A+30+15 Rotating chair with dumbbells or weighted bicycle wheel.

A+30+20 Maxwell's top, has adjustable center of gravity.

A+30+25 Large conical aluminum top.

A+30+30 Gyroscopes; various.

A+30+35 Gyrocompass on model of the earth.

A+30+40 Film: "Conservation laws in zero G", sound, 14 min..

A+30+45 Large gyroscope in a suitcase.

Linear Momentum

A+35+0 Balls of equal and unequal mass on strings, separated by a leaf spring.

A+35+2Two people in rolling chairs pushing and pulling

A+35+5 Elastic collisions: Seven steel balls roll on a wooden track.

A+35+10 Elastic collisions: Five hanging balls and two unequal hanging balls.

A+35+16 .22 rifle fires vertically, bullet lifts small wood cylinder.

A+35+17 Ballistic pendulum: Suspended .22 rifle fires into suspended block.

A+35+18 Inelastic collisions: Another ballistic pendulum.

A+35+20 Three meter airtrack with gliders that rebound elastically, or stick.

A+35+25 Plastic pucks on air table.

A+35+28 Executive size pool table

A+35+30 Mechanical model of a gas: Vibrating balls strike piston on OHP.

A+35+35 Airtrack: Long track with two gliders coupled by a spring hoop.

A+35+40 Train on circular track moves one way and track moves the other.

A+35+45 Film loop: "Colliding freight cars", 2:45 min.

A+35+50 Film loop: "Dynamics of a billiard ball", 4:00 min.

Motion in One Dimension

A+37+5 Airtrack: Glider passes "start" and "stop" gates on digital timer.

A+37+10 Electric winch tows car at constant speed.

A+37+11 Electric winch tows car at constant speed, then constant acceleration.

Physical Measurements

A+45+0 3"x 4" slides of standards and units and cassette tape of WWV.

A+45+10 Film: "Powers of ten", sound, 10 min.

A+45+15 Solids to show; cone, pyramid, icosahedron, etc.

A+45+20 Wall chart of metric system.

Projectiles

A+50+0 Dropped and shot balls hit bench simultaneously.

A+50+5 Water projector: Adjustable angle water jet in front of grid.

A+50+10 Monkey and the hunter.

A+50+15 Reaction jet: "L" tube rotates as water flows through it.

A+50+20 Rocket is filled with water and compressed air and launched vertically.

A+50+25 Carbon dioxide propelled rocket flies across room on wire.

A+50+26 Carbon dioxide propelled rotational device.

A+50+35 Ballistics car: Ball ejected from rolling car drops back in.

Applet:

Newton's cannon: View projectile motion with the earth's curvature taken into account. http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/109N/more_stuff/Applets/newt/newtmtn.html

Rotational Dynamics

A+55+0 "Sweet Spot": Meterstick pivot point changes with point struck.

A+55+05 Rolling spool: String on spool is pulled at various angles.

A+55+10 Cycloid disk draws path on chalkboard.

Applet:

An illustration showing the velocity and acceleration vectors in rolling without slipping: http://www.physics.gatech.edu/academics/classes/summer2006/2211/a/main/demos/Roll/Roll.html

Statics and Mechanical Equilibrium

A+60+0 Meterstick suspended in mid-air by horizontal strings and weights.

A+60+5 Force on hinged beam measured with transducer.

A+60+10 Forces on crane boom measured with transducer.

A+60+15 Two transducers measure forces from centered hanging mass.

A+60+16 Same as A+60+15, but mass in different position.

A+60+20 Car hangs balanced by forces in mid-air over removable inclined plane.

A+60+25 Disk (weighted off-center) rolls up inclined plane.

A+60+30 Irregular shapes to determine center of mass using plumb bob.

A+60+32 Center of gravity (toy) objects.

A+60+35 Static equilibrium for a rope on a spool. Same as A+55+5.

A+60+37 Rotation about the center of mass: Object to throw.

A+60+40 Anatomical models: Skull, Arm, Leg

Torque

A+65+0 Twisting a rod with one end fixed and the other hung with weights.

A+65+10 Torque wrench to demonstrate.

Vectors

A+70+0 X,Y,Z-coordinate system with vector arrows.

A+70+5 Vector arrows of various sizes and colors fit in wooden bases.

A+70+10 Relative velocity: Three electric cars on tracks make chalk line.

A+70+20 Rope with slug(unit of mass) in center is lifted from ends.

A+70+25 Film loop: "Vector addition: Velocity of a boat", 3:35 min.

Applet:

Manipulate the magnitudes and directions of two vectors, and see the effect this has on their vector cross product. http://www.phy.syr.edu/courses/java-suite/crosspro.html

Mechanical Advantage

A+80+10 Pulley sets.

A+80+20 Chain hoist.

A+80+30 Block and tackle.

A+80+40 A person can raise himself or another in a Bosun's chair.

Book B: Waves

Acoustics and Vibrations Animations: Click here for various applets dealing with sound, vibrations and other wave phenomena. http://www.gmi.edu/~drussell/Demos.html

Chaotic Oscillations

B+5+0 Chaotic pendulum.

Applet:

Produce a Poincare section for a driven pendulum. The initial conditions can be controlled. http://www.iopb.res.in/~vshenoi/scienceday/fundemoapplets/JAVA/pendchao/pendchao.html

Simple Harmonic Motion

B+10+0 Mass on a spring.

B+10+1 Simple pendulum: Ball on a string.

B+10+2 Torsion pendulum with removable weights.

B+10+3 Compound pendulum: Meterstick with movable brass weight.

B+10+5 Large torsion pendulum with different diameter rods.

B+10+10 Physical pendulum: Steel bar with two pivot points.

B+10+15 Ball rolling in a spherical dish on OHP.

B+10+20 Large damped oscillator (mass on spring) with various damping disks.

B+10+25 Clock spring oscillator: Electrically driven and damped.

B+10+30 Damped oscillations: Flat steel spring with removable weights.

B+10+35 Lissajous figures with laser and two signal generators.

B+10+40 Transparencies: Lissajous figures for OHP.

B+10+45Java Applet: Simple Harmonic Motion & Uniform Circular Motion

B+10+50 Ball on turntable rotates beneath synchronized pendulum .

B+10+55Java Applet: A-vector and V-vector arrows

B+10+60 Tuning forks, various.

B+10+65 Pocket watch with mirror and laser twitches with balance wheel motion.

B+10+70 Four pendulums on rod: Same mass, different lengths.

B+10+75 Inverted pendulum.

Applet:

Create a Lissajous figure. The frequencies of both the x and y oscillations may be varied. http://www.mta.ca/faculty/science/physics/suren/Lissajous/Lissajous.html

Coupled Harmonic Oscillators

B+15+0 Two large pendulums coupled with spring.

B+15+1 Three large pendulums coupled with two springs.

B+15+5 Wilberforce pendulum: Oscillates between rotation and up-down.

B+15+10 Two pendulums on a frame of flexible steel.

B+15+15 Two balls hung on the same string, one in middle, one at the end.

Forced Oscillations/Resonance

B+20+0 Driven harmonic oscillator: Motor driven mass on spring.

B+20+5 Clock spring oscillator: Electrically driven and damped.

B+20+10 Damped oscillations in a resonant LCR circuit on an oscilloscope.

B+20+15 One tuning fork with tuned cavity, drives another.

B+20+20 Film : "Tacoma Narrows bridge collapse",silent, 4 min.

B+20+25 Set of three coupled inverted pendulums on wood base.

B+20+30 Beaker is broken by sound from speaker.

B+20+35 Driven oscillations in a multiple spring-mass system.

Travelling Waves

B+25+0 Transverse wave model, hand-cranked.

B+25+1 Transverse 3-dimensional wave model, hand-cranked.

B+25+5 Longitudinal wave model, hand-cranked.

B+25+10 Rubber rope stretched across front of room.

B+25+15 Brass spring on white plastic sheet.

B+25+20 Suspended slinky on threads for compression wave.

B+25+25 Mechanical water wave model, hand-cranked.

B+25+30 Torsional wave device, large or small.

Applet:

View patterns of oscillating air molecules in a tube caused by a traveling or standing wave. http://www.mta.ca/faculty/science/physics/suren/Lwave/Lwave01.html

Observe a wave pulse as it reflects off a fixed or a free end. http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/reflect/reflect.html

Superposition : Fourier Principles/Complex Waves

B+30+0 Fourier series: Pasco harmonic synthesizer on an oscilloscope.

B+30+1 Transparencies: Fourier superpositions.

Applets:

Build a waveform by combining a variety of different frequencies. The simulation also allows the user to hear what the waveform sounds like. http://www.phys.hawaii.edu/~teb/java/ntnujava/sound/sound.html

Observe how the superposition of waves with different frequencies leads to different forms of dispersion. http://webphysics.davidson.edu/Applets/Superposition/GroupVelocity.html

Interference

B+35+0 Large wood model of a double slit with hinged waves.

B+35+5 Acoustic interference with Quincke (trombone) tube and sonalert.

B+35+10 Interference of sound waves from two speakers, same generator.

B+35+12 Interference between two ultrasound sources (40 kHz).

B+35+15 Interference in a ripple tank uses arc lamp or incandescent light.

B+35+20 Beats with tuning forks on tuned cavities.

B+35+25 Beats with two beer bottles blown manually.

B+35+30 Beats from two speakers observed on an oscilloscope.

Applets:

View the interference pattern created by multiple sources. The locations of the sources can be varied. http://ephysics.physics.ucla.edu/physlets/einterference.htm

Beats: View the superposition of two traveling waves with slightly different frequencies. The frequencies can be adjusted. http://www.mta.ca/faculty/science/physics/suren/Beats/Beats.html

Another applet on beats: View the beat pattern produced by two waves with slightly different frequencies. The center frequency and beat frequency can be adjusted. http://physics.csustan.edu/java/tutorials/oscillations/beats.htm

Sound Spectrum/Sources

B+45+0 Steel spring pendulum, inverted, vibrates at 10 Hz.

B+45+5 Giant tuning fork, barely audible, displayed with stroboscope.

B+45+10 Ultrasound transducers (40 kHz) as both sources and receivers.

B+45+15 Bell ringing in a jar evacuated with pump.

B+45+20 Savart's wheel: Toothed wheel and cardboard or air jet.

B+45+25 Siren: large, electric motor driven.

B+45+30 Compressed air jet blows through spinning disk with holes.

B+45+32 Twirling Tube

B+45+35 Sprockets on shaft rotate against a card to make sound.

B+45+40 Caruga horn: Varigated tube to blow through

B+45+42 Hoot Tube

B+45+45 Galton's whistle: Compressed air whistle.

B+45+50 Helmholtz resonators drive radiometer vanes, using tuning forks.

B+45+55 Casio electronic synthesizer with amp and speaker.

Standing Waves/Resonance

B+50+0 Three Java Applets: Superposition of waves

B+50+5 Model of longitudinal standing wave, hand-cranked.

B+50+10 Rope and strobe: Transverse standing waves, motor driven.

B+50+15 Reuben's tube: Standing sound waves in flames along a large pipe.

B+50+20 Set of eight organ pipes to make a major scale.

B+50+25 Tunable organ pipe.

B+50+30 Set of ten suspended metal rods struck with a wooden mallet.

B+50+35 Xylophone.

B+50+45 Unbalanced spinning wheel vibrates spring steel reeds.

B+50+50 Sonometer: Resonant chamber with bowed strings (2).

B+50+55 Torison wave model.

Applets:

View patterns of oscillating air molecules in a tube caused by a traveling or standing wave. http://www.mta.ca/faculty/science/physics/suren/Lwave/Lwave01.html

View standing wave patterns in a pipe for different harmonic numbers. http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/stlwaves.htm

See how the superposition of incident and reflected waves creates a standing wave. http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/stwaverefl.htm

Vibrational Modes

B+55+0 Film loop: "Vibrations of a metal plate", 3:45 min.

B+55+1 Film loop: "Vibrations of a drum", 3:25 min.

B+55+5 Chladni's disc: Bowed disk forms patterns in sprinkled salt.

B+55+10 Large glass bowl with ping pong balls and violin bow.

B+55+15 Young's modulus rod: Hammer and rod with nodes marked.

B+55+20 Longitudinal wave apparatus: Ball bounces off end of stroked rod.

B+55+25 Kundt's tube: Powder in tube shows standing waves.

Applet:

Observe the vibrational modes for a rectangular membrane. http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/MembraneSquare/Square.html

Observe the vibrational modes for a drum. http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/MembraneCircle/Circle.html

Speed of Sound

B+60+0 Speed of sound in air: Speaker resonates air column over water.

B+60+5 Measurement of speed of sound with microphone, speaker, oscilloscope.

Doppler Shift

B+65+0 Sonalert swung on the end of a string.

B+65+5 Film loop: "Formation of shock waves", 3:45 min.

B+65+10 Film loop: "Doppler effect", 3:45 min.

Applets:

An illustration of the Doppler effect for different speeds, including shock waves for supersonic motion. http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/doppler/doppler.html

An illustration of the Doppler effect involving a moving ambulance and a person standing nearby. http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/dopplereff.htm

Music and the Ear

B+70+0 Ear models.

B+70+5 Film: "The Piano", sound, 27 min.

Book C: Properties of Heat and Matter

Weather and the Atmosphere

C+0+0 Humidity: Hygrometers to show.

Calorimetry

C+5+0 Computer demo: Nesting can calorimeter, runs 3 min.

Carnot Cycle

C+10+0 Carnot cycle models: Piston/cylinder, PVT surface.

C+10+5 Mechanical model of a gas: Vibrating balls strike piston on OHP.

C+10+10 Film loop: "Properties of a gas", 3:18 min.

Conduction

C+15+0 Copper/wood cylinder wrapped with paper over bunsen burner.

C+15+1 Boiling water in paper cup; cup does not burn.

C+15+2 Copper gauze over flame; gas burns only above gauze.

C+15+3 Set of metal rods: Heat-sensitive paint changes color.

C+15+4 Computer demo: Conductivity (see C+15+3), runs 10 min.

Convection

C+20+0 Heat water in "O" shaped tube adding a dye.

C+20+5 Crooke's radiometer with flashlight, arc lamp or IR source.

C+20+10 Cardboard strip drawn from glass tube extinguishes candle.

C+20+15 Hot air balloon: Dry cleaner bag over Bunsen burner rises to ceiling.

Engines and Pumps

C+22+0 Engine models: Steam, 4-cycle Otto.

C+22+05 Model of an air pump.

C+22+10 Operating Sterling cycle engine, gas powered.

C+22+15 Operating Sterling cycle engine, hot water powered.

Applet:

Observe an engine undergoing an Otto cycle, along with its P-V diagram. http://perso.orange.fr/olivier.granier/thermo/simul/rochas/simul.htm

Fluid Dynamics

C+25+0 Flettnor rotorcar blown with fan.

C+25+02 Smoke Ring Generator

C+25+04 Airzooka

C+25+05 Bernoulli's principle: Ball suspended in air stream.

C+25+10 Glass standpipes: Water flows through tube, heights vary.

C+25+11 Glass standpipes with a constriction. Similar to C+25+10.

C+25+15 Glass aspirator: Compressed air draws colored water up glass tube.

C+25+16 Compressed air through funnel sucks in ball.

C+25+17 Compressed air attracts card with pin to holder.

C+25+20 Venturi meter: Manometer tubes on tapered wind tunnel tube.

C+25+25 Pitot tube inserted in wind stream with manometer indicator.

C+25+30 Two roof models, hinged, placed in wind stream.

C+25+35 Video camera shows fluid flow around various objects.

C+25+40 Water in vertical standpipe with holes at different heights.

C+25+45 Hydraulic ram water pump, working model.

C+25+50 A water vortex in two soda bottles joined vertically.

C+25+55 A vortex tube seperates compressed air into jets of hot and cold air.

Surface Tension and Capillary Action

C+27+0 Set of capillary tubes and dye on video camera.

C+27+05 Various bubble frames.

C+27+10 Soap boat or camphor boats in one meter square pan of water.

C+27+20 Wire sieve boat floats on water until alcohol is added.

Fluid Statics

C+30+0 Revolving "drumhead" with manometer shows pressure in water tank.

C+30+05 Magdeburg's hemispheres(cast iron) evacuated, can't be separated.

C+30+10 Hydraulic jack with pressure gauge, breaks 2"x 2" piece of wood.

C+30+15 Archimedes' principle: Cup and plug on balance beam.

C+30+17 Archimedes' principle: Beaker in a beaker.

C+30+20 Archimedes' principle: Fish submerged in water on balance beam.

C+30+25 Archimedes' principle: Aluminum and brass cylinders.

C+30+30 Film loop: "Archimedes' principle", 3:40 min.

C+30+35 Cartesian divers: Pressure on cap sends divers sinking.

C+30+40 Torricelli Barometer: Column of mercury in bell jar.

C+30+45 Large model of aneroid barometer.

C+30+50 Pascal's vases: Water in removable vases with pressure gauge.

C+30+52 Interconnected set of glass vases of different shapes.

C+30+55 Working model of the lung: Balloons in a bell jar over a diaphragm.

C+30+60 Suction cup holds large mass suspended from heavy glass plate.

C+30+65 Collapse 1 gallon metal can with vacuum pump.

C+30+68 Vacuum Cannon

C+30+70 Container of air on a balance in bell jar.

C+30+75 Vacuum hoist, working model.

C+30+80 Blood Pressure Monitor

Heat and Work

C+35+0 Mechanical equivalent of heat: Aluminum cylinder, crank, rope with 5 kg weight and large LED display. (Also available w/C-64 computer)

Heat Capacity

C+40+0 Ball race: Five different balls heated and placed on paraffin sheet.

Heat of Fusion

C+45+0 Computer demo: Heat of fusion of tin, runs 15 min.

Irreversibility and Fluctuations

C+50+0 Java Applet: Gas mixing simulation

C+50+05 Black balls and white balls in a box are shaken.

C+50+10 Film loop: "Reversibility of time", 3:40 min.

C+50+15 Film: "Symmetry in physical law" (Feynman), sound, 57 min.

C+50+20 Film: "Distinction of past and future "(Feynman), sound, 46 min.

C+50+25 Film: "Probability and uncertainty "(Feynman), sound, 56 min.

C+50+30 Drum in glycerine rotates to smear line of dye into a plane and back.

Kinetic Theory and Gas Models

C+55+0 Mechanical model of a gas: Vibrating balls on OHP.

C+55+05 Hexstat probability device.

C+55+10 Mechanical model of a gas: Vibrating balls strike piston on OHP.

C+55+15 Brownian motion: Smoke particles viewed using TV camera.

C+55+20 Brownian motion: Like C+55+0, with an aluminum disk added.

C+55+25 Stoekle's apparatus: Heated tube with mercury and glass bits.

C+55+30 Ruchardt's tube: Ball oscillates in a vertical glass tube on jug.

C+55+35 Diffusion of bromine from one glass cylinder into another.

C+55+40 Osmosis of helium through semi-porous cup.

C+55+45 Viscosity of air: One rotating disk drives another.

C+55+55 Breathe helium, voice pitch rises; breathe SF6, voice pitch lowers.

C+55+60 Equipartition of Energy: Different mass balls bounce out at different times.

Applets:

Gas Law Program: View a model of gas molecules in motion, and vary pressure, volume, temperature, or number of moles. A graph of particle speeds is also shown. http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Laboratory/GLP.htm

Follow the path of a particle undergoing Brownian motion. http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/viewtopic.php?t=41

Liquification of a Gas

C+60+0 Hydraulic pump liquifies CO2 gas in glass column.

C+60+05 LN2 demos: Lead bell and spring, color change tube, LN2 cannon.

C+60+10 Film: "Unusual properties of liquid helium", sound, 16 min.

Molecular Models and Crystal Structure

C+62+0 Molecular models, ball and stick.

C+62+05 Film: "Bubble model of a metal", silent, 11 min.

C+62+10 Wave surfaces of crystals.

C+62+15 Model of calcite crystal.

C+62+20 Assorted crystals to show.

C+62+25 Wall chart of periodic table.

Radiation

C+65+0 Concave mirrors focus candle flame on thermopile across bench.

C+65+05 Computer demo: Kirchhoff's radiation law, runs 15 min.

C+65+10 Large transformer heats metal strip with chalk marks on it.

C+65+15 Crooke's radiometer with flashlight, arc lamp or IR source.

C+65+20 Box with white interior appears black from hole in the side.

Applets:

Two slightly different applets for showing the blackbody radiation curve:

http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/prf/PRF.html

http://ephysics.physics.ucla.edu/physlets/.htm

Temperature and Expansion

C+70+0 Galileo's air thermometer forces liquid down when heated.

C+70+05 Heated iron wire stretches, rotates pointer.

C+70+06 Heated horizontal nichrome wire stretches, weight sags.

C+70+10 Heated steel rod expands, raises pointer,breaks pin on cooling.

C+70+15 Ring and ball: Ball fits through ring only after ring is heated.

C+70+20 Ice bomb: Iron sphere ruptured by freezing water.

C+70+25 Cubic coefficient of expansion: Dissectable wooden cube.

C+70+30 Steam gun: Friction heated water in tube shoots a cork.

C+70+32 LN2 in a model cannon shoots a cork.

C+70+35 Bimetallic strip: Brass/invar strip curves when heated.

C+70+40 Bimetallic switch: Change in temperature lights cold/hot lamps.

C+70+45 Franklin's pulse glass: Two glass bulbs and tube containing ether.

C+70+47 Dippy bird: Large glass bird containing ether oscillates.

C+70+50 Piston and cylinder compress/expand air measuring temp. and pressure.

C+70+55 Fire syringe: Ether is ignited in a cylinder with a piston.

C+70+60 CO2 fire extinguisher: Expanding gas freezes into snow.

C+70+65 Cooling by expansion: Jar with water compressed with air.

C+70+70 Hot water geyser, runs 5-10 min.

C+70+75 Boyle's Law: At constant T, Pressure times Volume is a constant.

C+70+80 Gay-Lussac's Law: At constant V, Pressure is proportional to Temperature.

C+70+85 Charles' Law: At constant P, Volume is proportional to Temperature.

Applet:

Observe effect of adding or removing heat or changing volume in an isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, or adiabatic process. http://mysite.verizon.net/pmrenault/thermo.html

Thermometry

C+75+0 Measurement of temperature: Various types of thermometers.

C+75+05 Transparency: Comparison of F°, C°, and K temperature scales.

C+75+10 Transparency: Chronological history of the concepts of heat.

C+75+15 Galileo's air thermometer forces liquid down when heated.

C+75+20 Liquid Crystals: sheet changes colors with body temperature.

Triple Point

C+80+0 Triple Point: Cooled water in sealed cell exhibits all three phases.

C+80+02 Triple Point: Making solid Nitrogen under a vacuum.

C+80+5 Triple Point demo: Water boils under vacuum making ice.

C+80+10 P.V.T. surface model for water.

C+80+15 P.V.T. surface model for carbon dioxide.

C+80+20 Wall chart of isothermals.

Mechanical Properties of Materials

C+90+0 Elasticity: Balls bouncing on steel or glass cylinder.

C+90+5 Breaking point of a wire is measured on a spring scale.

C+90+10 Young's modulus of elasticity: Weight stretches wire.

C+90+15 Shear: Stack of masonite squares.

C+90+16 Shear: Foam block.

C+90+20 Viscosity set: Pistons in oil and water-filled glass tubes.

Book D: Electricity and Magnetism

Capacitance

D+0+0 Attraction between horizontal plates of a charged capacitor.

D+0+2 Various capacitors to show.

D+0+04 Parallel plate capacitor with dielectric materials and electroscope.

D+0+06 Capacitor doorbell driven by Van de Graaff generator.

D+0+08 Series capacitor array.

D+0+10 Parallel capacitors array: A charged capacitor charges the others.

D+0+12 Visual charge/discharge of a capacitor through a load.

D+0+14 Computer demo: Charge/discharge of a capacitor, runs at least 1 min.

D+0+16 Discharging a capacitor through a lamp.

D+0+18 Capacitors with a series neon bulb on A.C. and D.C.

D+0+20 Capacitor in series in an audio circuit: High pass filter.

D+0+22 Effects of changing a D.C. voltage in a series RC circuit.

D+0+24 Capacitor in parallel in an audio circuit: Low pass filter.

D+0+26 Capacitor in parallel in a D.C. circuit.

D+0+28 Energy storage in a commercial capacitor. Loud bang!

D+0+30 Oscillator made with resistor, capacitor and neon lamp.

D+0+32 Same as D+0+30 using speaker for audio tone generation.

D+0+34 Same as D+0+30 using oscilloscope to display waveform.

Applet:

Time evolution of an RC circuit: http://ephysics.physics.ucla.edu/ntnujava/rc/erc_circuits.htm

Electromagnetic Oscillations

D+05+0 Resonance in a series LCR circuit using 120 v.a.c.

D+5+1 LCR paradox

D+05+02 LCR series resonance curve of V vs. F (2 - 20kHz) on an oscilloscope.

D+05+04 Low frequency filtering using a capacitor and inductor.

D+05+06 Crystal radio circuit for AM reception.

D+05+08 Damped oscillations in a resonant LCR circuit on an oscilloscope.

D+05+10 85 MHz radio transmitter, with indicating lamp on dipole antenna.

D+05+12 Seibt effect: Wire wound glass tube with D+5+10 transmitter.

D+05+14 Standing waves on two parallel wires, with D+5+10 transmitter.

D+05+16 Lodge's experiment: Spark gap radio transmitter and receiver.

D+05+18 3 cm. microwave klystron oscillator with cavity and waveguides.

D+05+20 3 cm. microwave transmitter and receiver.

D+05+22 Magnetron assembly to show.

D+05+24 Waveguide pieces to show.

D+05+26 Standing waves (micro or sound) in an adjustable cavity.

D+05+28 AM and FM Demonstration(minimum 24 hr notice required).

D+05+30 Wall chart of electromagnetic spectrum.

D+05+32 Plexiglas model of electromagnetic wave.

D+05+34 LEDs oscillate in stored energy LC circuit.

Applets:

Observe the oscillations in an LC circuit. http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11e/osccirc.htm

Impedance of series RLC circuits: See how a plot of current as a function of frequency changes when R, L, or C are changed. http://mysite.verizon.net/vzeoacw1/impedance.html

RLC Circuits (DC power source): Observe how the voltages in the circuit evolve with time. http://ephysics.physics.ucla.edu/ntnujava/electronics/erlc_circuits_dc.htm

An illustration of a traveling electromagnetic wave. http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/emwave.htm

Electrostatics

D+10+0 Electric fields: Lines of force shown on an OHP.

D+10+02 Transparency: Mapping of an electric field.

D+10+04 Pith balls on thread, with positive and negative charged rods.

D+10+06 Attraction and repulsion of charged styrofoam balls.

D+10+08 Braun and Leaf electroscopes.

D+10+09 Discharging an electroscope through ionization

D+10+10 Faraday's ice pail: Charge induced on the outside of a pail.

D+10+12 Charge resides on the outside of a conductor.

D+10+13 Faraday cage: blocks signal from portable radio

D+10+14 Charging an electroscope by induction.

D+10+16 Separation of charge using electrical tape and an electroscope.

D+10+18 Electrophorous: Cat fur on teflon, acetate on lucite.

D+10+20 Van de Graaff generator.

D+10+22 Wimshurst machine, large or small.

D+10+24 Electrostatic pinwheel:Van de Graaff makes pinwheel spin.

D+10+26 Various Leyden jars to show.

D+10+28 Electrostatic doorbell: Ball bangs between charged plates.

D+10+30 Kelvin water drop electrostatic charge generator.

Applet:

Electric field diagram for two point charges: http://web.mit.edu/jbelcher/www/java/vecnodyncirc/vecnodyncirc.html

Faraday's Law

D+15+0 Bar magnet induces current in a coil, shown on galvanometer.

D+15+1 Oscillating magnets in coupled coils

D+15+02 Elementary generator: Bar moved in magnetic field.

D+15+04 Earth inductor: Coil spun in Earth's field makes voltage.

D+15+06 Generator: Coil with DC commutator rotates between magnets.

D+15+08 Alternator: Coil with AC commutator rotates between magnets.

D+15+10 Hand-cranked AC alternator powers 120 volt lamp.

D+15+11 Hand-cranked DC generator powers 120 volt lamp.

D+15+12 Back EMF in a series DC motor with large flywheel.

D+15+14 Eddy currents: Copper disk rotates over a spinning bar magnet.

D+15+16 Damped pendulum: Swinging metal disks damped in magnetic field.

D+15+18 Faraday's disk: Copper disk in Hg rotates in magnetic field.

D+15+20 Jumping rings: High current AC coil causes rings to jump.

D+15+22 Skin effect: Metal sheet shielding varies with frequency.

D+15+24 Levitator: Aluminum dish floats four inches off platform.

D+15+26 Eddy currents:Small magnet slowly drops between aluminum rails.

D+15+28 Eddy currents: Neodymium Magnet Drop.

Applet:

Generator: A rectangular loop rotates in a magnetic field, with or without commutator. http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11e/generator_e.htm

Inductance

D+20+0 Energy stored in large coil with soft iron core flashes bulb.

D+20+02 LR time constant: Square wave drives series LR on oscilloscope.

D+20+04 AC dimmer: Soft iron core in coil dims lamps.

LCR Phase Relationships

D+25+0 Phases of V and I in series circuit as RL shifts to RC.

Magnetic Fields

D+30+0 Suspended magnetic lodestone on string.

D+30+01 Large compass needle on stand.

D+30+02 Dip needle compass.

D+30+04 Earth model with internal magnet and pivoting probe magnet.

D+30+06 Iron filings and permanent magnets to show field on an OHP.

D+30+08 Compass needle shows field around a high current wire on bench top.

D+30+10 Iron filings around a high current vertical wire on OHP to show field.

D+30+12 Iron filings around a current carrying coil on OHP to show field.

D+30+14 Magnetic field around a solenoid with pivoting probe magnet.

D+30+16 Ampere's law: Currents in parallel wires attract or repel.

D+30+18 Force on a current carrying wire in a magnetic field.

D+30+20 Elementary motor: Bar on rails over solenoid with core.

D+30+22 Torque on coil suspended between two magnets.

D+30+24 Vacuum tube with screen shows cathode rays bent with a magnet.

D+30+26 E/M tube: Circular bending of an electron beam in a magnetic field.

D+30+28 Hall effect: Magnetic field induces a voltage in a neon plasma.

Applet:

Magnetic field diagram for two moving point charges: http://web.mit.edu/jbelcher/www/java/part_biot/part_biot.html

Magnetic Properties

D+35+0 Wobbly bar: Magnets in frame balanced by repulsive forces.

D+35+2 Making a magnet by electromagnetic induction.

D+35+4 Making small magnets by breaking up a larger magnet.

D+35+6 Barkhausen effect: Magnet and coil with soft iron core.

D+35+7 Barkhausen effect model: Many tiny magnets on pivots on OHP.

D+35+9 Para and diamagnetic materials in magnetic field with OHP.

                Frogs are diamagnetic too!

D+35+10 Para and diamagnetic materials in magnetic field with arc lamp.

D+35+12 Linear motor: An iron core jumps into a solenoid.

D+35+14 YBaCuO pellet with magnet in liquid nitrogen on TV camera.

Meters

D+40+0 Tangent galvanometer: Compass needle pivots in a coil.

D+40+2 Elementary galvanometer: Coil on spring in magnetic field.

D+40+4 Mavometer: Ammeter/voltmeter/galvanometer.

D+40+6 Various meters for display.

D+40+8 Ammeter shunt: Only a small current flows to the meter.

Motors

D+45+0 Rolling bar motor: Same as D+30+20.

D+45+2 Elementary split-ring armature DC motor. D+15+6 as a motor.

D+45+4 AC induction motor: Armature in a whirling field.

D+45+6 Elementary motor: Electron beam revolves in magnetic field.

Applet:

DC Electrical Motor: http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/electricmotor.htm

Oscilloscopes